Dose Reconstruction in Radiological Exposures

Dose reconstruction is a comprehensive analysis of the exposure received by individuals in the vicinity of facilities that release contaminants to the environment (i.e., real doses to real people).Performing dose reconstruction analyses which are extremely important elements for improving efficiency in radiological emergencies and accidents have been studied in this paper. For dose reconstruction purposes, the organ doses from internal and external sources are used to evaluate the risk of stochastic detriment and to determine limit values which have been exceeded. For contaminant releases, radiation doses estimates are needed for individual exposures in release procedures. Internal organ doses are not directly measured and there are different biokinetic models to estimate organ doses. These models are not always directly applicable to individuals who undergo exposures, mainly due to significant differences between healthy and pathological organ/metabolism (clinical conditions). There are two case studies in this paper for internal exposures and external exposures; In the first, we have estimated mean absorbed doses in internal exposures to organs by three different methods; using the conversion coefficients of ICRP publications 53, 62 or 80, for radio-nuclides, Through Monte Carlo simulation, using the Visual Monte Carlo (VMC), Biokinetic models simulation using Dose and risk CALculation (DCAL). In the second one we have estimated mean absorbed dose in external exposure with Co as source 60 with three methods; using IAEA absorbed dose, VMC calculations and DCAL calculations. The comparison between the results was discussed.